http://captive.apple.com/hotspot-detect.html
I just have it bookmarked now. It's the one bookmark I use.
It would be nice to have a more formal standard (e.g. supplying an authentication URL along with the DHCP response) but to be honest, this emerging de-facto standard is perfectly serviceable.
It would be nice if that worked consistently, but having just spent 2 weeks in airports and ho[s]tels in the UK & Ireland, it doesn't yet.
If anyone has coded a captive portal to behave differently when it sees captive.apple.com they should be ashamed. All they're doing is making life difficult for everyone unnecessarily.
Along with the 100 million in grants they write yearly, they provide a valuable social service for those more fortunate.