Describing this as "a computer beats a human for the first time but using a lot of energy" somewhat misrepresents it because a Go bot running on a mobile device will wipe the floor with the vast majority of humans - and most amateur players, because there's a power law distribution with these things and so most players who're any good, including bots, are better than the majority of players (while at the same time being not even remotely interesting to play with for a very large number of stronger players.)
The point is that any mobile device can be "trained" with a few clicks to wipe the floor with most humans, for whom to catch up with the bot would require a lot of energy (and perhaps isn't always possible.) Does it make phones smarter the people? I dunno, but it certainly shows that these comparisons are never "fair" and the only real question is what practical implications of "intelligence" you care about, then you can evaluate things meaningfully.