Also don't rule out harassment. Would you hire someone who is under investigation? How would you like a tax audit? Or maybe you'll get pulled over 10X more than the average person because when cops run your plates you are flagged? What about no-fly lists? Detainment at the border when re-entering the country? Exclusion from benefits or consideration for government jobs/contracts? There are many things that can be done to make your life unpleasant or wreck your career that aren't illegal and don't involve actually charging you with a crime. In many cases there may be no recourse civil or criminal. Look into the adventure of getting yourself off a no-fly list for a good example of non-criminal punishment.