Well, there was some recently published research that claimed X actually can be explained by Y.
X and Y are arbitrary
X and Y are arbitrary
The PR version: http://today.tamu.edu/2015/10/15/ceo-effect-on-firm-performa...
But there could be an element of truth to it, which might warrant further research. If CEOs really do have a much more limited influence than they are given credit (or blame) for, then incentives perhaps ought to be adjusted, not just in the interest of fairness but also in the interest of finding better ways to actually improve performance.