The first key conclusion threw me a bit. Easy to misread as "Ignore UBER" rather than "Ignore UBER specs".
From the paper:
We find that UBER (uncorrectable bit error rate), the
standard metric to measure uncorrectable errors, is not
very meaningful. We see no correlation between UEs
and number of reads, so normalizing uncorrectable errors
by the number of bits read will artificially inflate the
reported error rate for drives with low read count."
Basically uncorrectable errors are not correlated to the number of reads, so computing an UBER by dividing the number of uncorrectable errors by the number of reads is meaningless. Therefore UBER is a meaningless metric.They don't differentiate UBER from a manufacturer spec and UBER as measured in production.