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Probably not the kind of customization most people are looking for, but you can do all that with urxvt extensions: http://jbl.web.cern.ch/jbl/doc/urxvt/

A lot more of a pain in the ass to write extensions from scratch instead of having a UI to configure, especially if you're not big on perl, but there's a good amount of extensions out there that are ready to use as well.

It's been >5y since I used KDE, but iirc the default terminal there had regexp you could set to trigger any action you wanted. And links were automatically clickable.

Can anyone running KDE confirm?

I doubt this is helpful, but I tried to find a Linux terminal that was as customizable as iterm2. Konsole was the closest thing I could find. It has a UI to configure many aspects of the terminal. Unfortunately, I'm drawing a blank on triggers at the moment. I still think iterm2 is way better but konsole is really really customizable.

For colorizing output check out grc

https://github.com/pengwynn/grc

cheers mate