The default name mangling of Rust library symbols is already kinda versioned because it includes a hash of the library, so two different versions of a library can coexist at the same time.
As far explicitly using the symbol versioning scheme you mentioned, you can do it with an attribute today:
https://play.rust-lang.org/?gist=92be155702d53c6411b2&versio...
(Disclaimer: I haven't actually compiled this as a dynamic library and checked, but its what that attribute is for, and the names seem to be used verbatim in the ASM output)