The researcher programmer, a new species? (2012)
dirkgorissen.com
dirkgorissen.com
I realise this is anecdata, but I suppose my point is that if an institution/field can see the benefits of software engineering skills -- i.e., ascribes it value -- then you're good to go and can choose where on the developer-researcher spectrum you're most comfortable. That mobility fosters a positive feedback loop with an institute's employees, so they get the best out of them.
To be fair, there is practically no career path for anybody. Most people who join as post-docs will leave as post-docs.
If by research you mean "scientific computing" then you can easily do that with CS. My first job out of undergrad was supporting research efforts with data acquisition and analysis. If you know that's what you want to do go strong with math and statistics as a CS undergrad.
Then learn how you can make this ghetto better and look at labs and universities for a job.
(I happen to have a PhD in mathematics and decent programming experience. But while transitioning to private industry, I never came across this type of job or failed to recognize it.)