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>> By this reasoning, the only thing completely determined by genetics is genes, since every manifestation of genotype could be called a phenotype.

I would say half half. Obviously a lot comes from genes, but then environment takes its toll as well.

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Robert Sapolsky makes an interesting point about the idea of "a" gene-environment interaction[0]: genes only exist in the context of an environment, and so "The problem with "a gene-environment interaction" is the same as asking what height has to do with the area of a rectangle, and being told that in this particular case, there is a height/length interaction."

His course on Human Behavioral Biology [1] is perhaps the single best science course I've ever encountered. If someone could only take one science course, I'd recommend this one.

[0] https://edge.org/response-detail/25536 [1] https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLD7E21BF91F3F9683

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