If you didn't upload your private key to Google now you need your browser to decrypt your message in-line but preventing the website with the encrypted version from stealing the resulting decrypted version from the secure container. So that requires every browser to add these secure containers, for content to be marked for decryption, and for key storage.
If you aren't worried about usability then you could just write a Word document, encrypt it and attach it to an unencrypted email. No browser support, or website support needed.
I'd never put any GPG keys of mine in an American cloud provider. That sort of voids the entire point of it.
On a somewhat related note, I remember reading some documentation on a one-time password scheme, which I can't find anymore. It briefly mentioned something about using DES calculators to handle crypto signatures (for what reason i cannot remember). For our purposes, a PGP/GPG hand-held device would be neat, though perhaps cumbersome to actually user.
Phone? Can we remotely trust nowadays smartphones not to have a number of backdoors?
Ultimately, what I envision would be a cross between a Blackberry (size, QWERTY keyboard) and the TI-83 (focus on being a simpler, lower-end computer). Heck, one may as well give it a unix-like OS and leave out wireless communications and sophisticated graphics. I think this is feasible, but the market would be quite small.
https://googleonlinesecurity.blogspot.com/2014/06/making-end...
https://github.com/google/end-to-end
I don't know what they might do in the future to encourage people to use this, or if they feel that there's a point at which it would be sensible or useful to actively promote it.
There was an issue I was tracking a while back to integrate this support, but it's still a work in progress.
In fact, they will fight tooth and nail against it since their business model relies on having access to the plain text of the message. It's the very reason they are releasing this technology: a user sees a padlock icon that's confusing similar to other "encrypted" mail offerings, for example OpenPGP. For Google, it's essential that end-to-end encryption does not become the norm and that plain text emails are kept inside their walled garden.
That being said, as a form of opportunistic encryption, TLS on the SMTP layer is great and there are really no excuses not to use it in 2016. Google could push it aggressively and add an (user optional) delay against servers that try to deliver email over a plain connection: "472 Try again in 30 sec or use STARTTLS"
I search a lot.