Lots of modern anime rips have had corruption issues with VLC in the past[0]. It's actually become a meme in those communities[1]. As x264 and 10bit encodings became ubiquitous, I think VLC's support also became fairly sufficient. However, the anime community is known for being early adopters of new encoding strategies. I believe it would benefit the development of VLC if some developers could check out what those encoders are doing every so often. It seems like they're always a few years ahead of how everyone else is encoding.
One big change was VLC switching to use mplayer's libass rather than their own (buggy, quite likely to the extent of allowing remote code execution) ass parser. These days VLC mostly seems alright, though it'll take a while for it to gain my trust.
I was going to say: an example that's fairly reproducible, any video recorded with Open Broadcaster Software (OBS) is playable in WMP but not VLC.
However, I just tried it is fixed already, I love VLC.
I had the same problem, and the fix was quite obvious once you read it: if you have 64bits OBS and 32bits VLC, VLC crashes when you open the video. Use both 64bits or 32 bits software, and you're fine.
But that obviously doesn't solve the actual problem.
Codec not supported:
VLC could not decode the format "CFHD" (No description for this codec)
This codec was RE'd 2 weeks ago and was merged in FFmpeg and libavcodec this weekend, by a member of the VideoLAN non-profit organization.
Expect it in VLC soon.
(Guy who Reverse Engineered CFHD here) If you could upload a sample of your file somewhere that would be appreciated.