In the old days when people actually saved up to buy a house, the average house would cost something like 4 times the average person's annual salary. Today, we're looking at 10 to 20 times.
Mortgages allow people who would otherwise not have been able to afford a house to buy it outright - This increases the demand for housing and thus drives prices up. In the old days, people worked hard to achieve the American dream (it was an optimistic pursuit). Today, people work hard to avoid bankruptcy (we have become a fear-driven society).
As for 'investing in companies' - Big firms like Goldman Sachs mostly invest in big corporations which enslave people for profit. People in finance are more interested in helping big companies create and maintain strategic monopolies than allowing new companies to improve people's lives. Monopolies are profitable and don't require any R&D investment.
As for savings accounts, well they're not so bad, but what is the point of having a savings account if you have no money to put in it? Also, with all the new automated payment features offered, people are encouraged to spend all their little money on things that they don't need. That means everything significant has to be purchased using credit.
What's worse is that all of these evils leverage off of each other to make things even worse overall. For example, the rise of corporations means that people are forced to move to big cities to find jobs (since jobs are harder to find in smaller towns - Because small businesses there are being crushed by corporations), this drives city apartment prices up, which increases the amount of mortgage people have to take to buy a house, which increases peoples' dependence on their jobs and reduces their ability to negotiate better salaries and prevents them from improving their conditions of living.
As corporations take a hold on agriculture, the nutritional quality of food keeps going down (see http://calmscience.net/2015/12/11/tale-of-tasteless-tomatoes...) and the standard of living of the working class keeps dropping lower and lower.
You can buy a unit in a trailer park on a year or two of low salary. Why do you think people aren't doing that?
If you eliminate mortgages, it only forces people to rent which is a massive waste of money that concentrates wealth into those who are privileged enough to own homes.
WRT wall street, if they were only interested in supporting monopolies, they wouldn't be involved in the IPOs of any company that has a competitor ever. It's not even optimally greedy to only support monopolies because the best returns come from investments in companies that disrupt competition. So you're whole rant against wall street is a bit dumb because it doesn't even line up with the behavior of purely sociopathic greedy actors like you seem to think they all are. Keep ripping down those strawmen.
Additionally, with student loans there is essentially no due diligence on the lender's behalf because the loans are not dischargeable in bankruptcy. So students are paying a hundred+ thousand dollars for a masters in art history that will have no return (other than intellectual). Compare that to a house, where a bank won't give you a loan if they don't agree that the house is worth that.