I'm not sure how you would define the Fourier Transform geometrically without needing 4 spatial dimensions, at which point intuitive geometric reasoning is impossible.
Then for people for which that's too abstract, I find this graphic helps a lot in explaining. http://static.nautil.us/1635_42a3964579017f3cb42b26605b9ae8e...
You picked a really bad example for the unintutiveness of mathematics.
Personally, my intuition gives up at spectral sequences.
Just a data point for you.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Fourier_...
Thank you!