- A timing attack if you're using HTTP basic auth
- A couple of GC related DoS attacks
- An issue with `accepts_nested_attributes_for` if you're using both the `allow_destroy` and `reject_if` options
- A validation bypass exploit if you're calling `SomeModel.new(params[:some_model])` instead of using StrongParams
- An information leak exploit if you're calling `render params[:something]` with raw user input
- A bunch of potential XSS exploits
The `render` issue looks like it could cause the most harm, but hopefully shouldn't be too prevalent. The XSS issues should be a quick fix as you only have to update `rails-html-sanitizer`, not Rails itself.