There have been contenders over the years, monodevelop, sharpdevelop, most recently the OmniSharp plugin with atom.io. This is the first time I can realistically see myself being free from VisualStudio in a professional context.
I've been a .NET dev for over 10 years as well, and for all it's faults, VS is one of the best dev environments I've ever worked in.
They both use electron, but Microsoft is baaarely using it for some UI pieces. That's really the only similarity between them.
Even with customization its a bit bloated, but you can totally avoid a SQL Server Express installation.
But, more to the point: how, aside from disk space, does any of that stuff affect you? It's not like it's persistently running. Don't use it, remove it from your toolbars, whatever--you don't have to see it, let alone use it. (It's for this reason that "bloat! bloat! bloat!" always rings so hollow.)
So is your complaint basically that it's just taking up too much hard drive space? I can't see how the other stuff (TFS Explorer Winforms/WPF designers) could possibly be getting in your way, especially since you don't ever have to open them.