It exists (npm shrinkwrap [1]), but it's not enabled by default, and it has some warts, such as non-deterministic sorting of entries.

There's a third-party tool [2] that is supposed to solve many of the issues, but I haven't tried it.

Of course, if you do this, there's a decent chance that if you try installing it again in 6 months, your shrinkwrapped version of at least one of the dependencies won't be available any more...

[1]: https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/shrinkwrap [2]: https://github.com/uber/npm-shrinkwrap