Key Mathematic Principles for Performance Testers
msdn.microsoft.com
msdn.microsoft.com
"By definition, one standard deviation is the amount of variance within a set of measurements that encompasses approximately the top 68 percent of all measurements in the data set; in other words, knowing the standard deviation of your data set tells you how densely the data points are clustered around the mean."
The 68% refers to a rule of thumb for normal distributions, not the definition of standard deviation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation
Also, applying this rule will get you in big trouble if your data happens to have a mean that's less than zero:
“Data with a standard deviation greater than half of its mean should be treated as suspect. If the data is accurate, the phenomenon the data represents is not displaying a normal distribution pattern.”
I didn't bother to check data sets A and B, but C is obviously wrong (Median for C would be 4).