I do understand the desire for "available source code for peer and community review".
What I don't understand is how to set up practical guidelines.
For example, consider "reviewed for free but not redistributed". If I review the software, and find an error, what do I do? Should I publish a paper which demonstrates the difference between the original and corrected versions? If so, I need to include the fixed code, and perhaps also the original. But that's a redistribution.
"would be an impediment to those in academia who don't have funding to pay for licenses to source code"
As a minor point which is big in my mind - most academic groups have more funding to pay for licenses than I, a self-funded, for-profit researcher, have.
"but that sounds a lot like what you're advocating in your original comment"
I mentioned that, to explain the view of most people who want access the source code. I was not advocating it.
My question was, is this requirement important enough that all of the source code must be made available at no cost? If so, it's in opposition to the FSF's four freedoms, which encourages people to sell free software, so there must be some other philosophical underpinning to justify the no-cost argument.
What is that philosophy? It can't simply be "to verify" because there are some problems, like factoring RSA-360:
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7764963889680817334211643637752157994969516984539482486678141304751672197524
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where it's trivial to verify the solution is correct without reproducing the calculations.
And what counts as a "byzantine and expensive processes"? The process of reproducing one of the CERN papers, especially if I need to make my own accelerator, is non-trivial and expensive. Some molecular dynamics simulation software only runs on custom-made ASIC hardware, or uses $100K+ of CPU time. A software cost of $20K is only a small part of the overall cost in that case.