What if papers were cryptographically signed so that they can be claimed later and there were a period of, say, one year of anonymity after publication? This period would allow things like peer review and initial recognition of the paper to occur with less social bias.

Just as important would be institutional anonymity. A paper from Nowheresville should be considered equally to a paper from Harvard.

Finally I think papers should be required in their headings to disclose sources of funding for the work therein, although this would have to be done later so as not to indirectly compromise the anonymity period.