The data (collar, toys) needs to be collected, sent to the cloud, and quantified (to view the results). There also obviously needs to be an app.
The problem the author was trying to solve was "get obese cats to move more" and the technical implementation of the first prototype was a simple "if cat does not move for a certain amount of time, activate toy". None of this requires that there is an app or that the product should need an internet connection for basic functionality. Yet those points seemed to be baked into the design from day one, without even giving them much thought. I'd like to know why this is the case.
Now, in this case, of course you need to collect data to figure out the correct parameters, get feedback and figure out more complex behaviors like the adaptive toy. But even then, this tracking could be done locally by the "brain" that was described later and only uploaded occasionally and with user opt-in.