Margins went up YoY in Q3 2015: https://investor.google.com/earnings/2015/Q3_google_earnings...
Aggregate cost-per-click (11)% (1)%
Cost-per-click on Google
websites (16)% (2)%
Cost-per-click on
Google Network Members' websites (4)% 1%
That is the search advertising margin eroding. Google has been compensating for that in a number of ways, from putting more ads on their sites (more "inventory") to re-writing rules ("no mobile for third parties") to changing splits with non-Google sites. The underlying cancer though is that Advertisers are more and more likely to see Microsoft Bing, Facebook, and Yahoo! ads as "equivalent" to Google's ads. And they split their spend, and they have been less and less impressed with the "results" of their advertising, so they pay less. All symptoms of a maturing market and one that has been going on for years. And as it continues it puts more and more pressure on Google to make up its margins in other ways. My guess is that 2016 is the first year they are going to have to cut staff across the board to keep their margins up.Mix of traffic is shifting as traffic builds in new platforms (e.g. mobile, emerging markets, YouTube), knocking down average CPC. Then we're getting a Simpson's paradox (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpson%27s_paradox) effect causing average CPC to decrease.
When I left in 2010 I started also following Google's financial reports. Year after year, following that indicator you could see pressure on Google's search ad business, and you could watch Microsoft's Bing ads get to be more and more profitable. Did you know that if in 2010 Microsoft could get the same CPC as Google did for their ads on Bing that Bing would have out performed all other parts of Microsoft in terms of revenue and profit? As a search vendor in the middle I could see what Microsoft shared with us and what Google shared with us, and we could back compute the actual CPC, and the ratio of the CPC. Whats more we could watch Microsoft's going up while Google's was (and is) continuing to go down.
I was also there as their CPC plummeted and they told Infospace (and through them us) that we could no longer show Google ads on Mobile search. No only Google could from now on. And that wasn't just us, that was everyone. And we've watched as more and more of their search page became "sponsored" in one form or another, and how people with Google ads on their web sites were getting less and less money, even though their traffic was the same or better.
I've been watching the Google money machine slowly deflate for the last 5 years (coming up on 6) and called almost every move they've made prior to them making it. All based on understanding that rounded to the nearest billion dollars, nothing in Google makes any money except search advertising. Even Youtube can barely break even these days and we've seen how the 99% of Youtube "stars" actually have real day jobs rather than be able to produce content for that service. We've seen Google working hard to "yank back" the whole Android is open source thing, in the name of "user experience" to be sure, but attacking Cyanogen? Threatening Samsung? Forcing HTC to throw itself under the Microsoft bus? And paying for more and more traffic, $4 billion a year? how much further can they push that life vest?
The good news here is that predictions are like freebies, you win some you lose some. No alien contact this year, sorry Inquirer! But I've been more right than wrong about predicting Google's road and I'm confident in this one too. Google is stuck between a need to please the street and the cost of engineers that produce no revenue. They have way more of the latter than they need, and from what I can tell they have pretty much been aggressive as they can at getting rid of people "gradually" who were in the bottom 10%. And their CPCs continue to fall double digit percentages year over year, and they don't have any business that is growing at that rate. Throw in an EU anti-monopoly monkey wrench, or a Facebook throwing their search over to Bing, or the EU getting their tax policy together and eliminating the double irish? Suddenly the need to shed costs fast will overwhelm their ability to do so quietly.
I kind of thought they would end up doing that this year but they dodged a bit by turning into Alphabet which gave them some new accounting tricks.
I'm sticking by my prediction they are going to have a layoff next year of between 8 and 12% of the company. They could surprise me by putting a bunch of people into an Alphabet subsidiary and then "divesting" themselves of that subsidiary. It would have to take 8 - 12% of the company though to make it worth while.
I understand your angst. Nobody likes to think about the company where they work having layoffs (hey I'm working at IBM which Cringely is constantly predicting will explode at any moment!) But the truth is that its really all sort of mechanical. Goods and services go out and money comes in. The costs of delivering those goods and services has a variety of components, the largest of which is often personnel.
And if you look around and realize the company could be making all the money it is currently making with or without you, and without you it would be banking the cost of your salary and benefits. Well then you need to be especially mindful of the indicators for the current business, and the growth rate of the revenue your project is contributing too the business versus the cost of keeping you around. It won't be personal, it will just be the way it is.
TL;DR: you worked at Google where they said average CPC was important and you worked on a search related startup that sold relabeled Google ads (presumably through the AdSense for Search program?) where Google paid some contractually fixed fraction of revenue on searches (revenue on these searches is not necessarily correlated with revenue on main Google search, correct?). At this startup, they wouldn't let you resell these ads for mobile searches because it would hurt margins (seems like shaky reasoning to me, who doesn't like more money / more profit?).
Then a smattering of recent news stories with tangential relationships to your main thesis about margins (YouTube (when have the margins been broken out on this?), Android (not sure how this fits into your narrative about the decline of Google's growth)) mixed in with some real medium term competitive threats (EU, Facebook/Bing (didn't FB used to redirect their search traffic to Bing? not sure that made much of a difference)).
Here's some alternative narratives:
a) There's far more to profitability on online advertising than average CPC, like query mix as I mentioned before. Additionally, advertising on Google owned & operated properties have been continually far more profitable and growing at a much faster pace than relabeled search advertising or AdSense on third party websites. Google has refocused their engineering / sales efforts on advertising products on their owned & operated properties and de-emphasized properties like Blekko.
b) Google's PE ratio has gone from <20x in 2010 to >30x today. The market believes Google's growth prospects are brighter than ever.
To summarize, I also keep a careful eye on Google / other tech company's financials and how they relate to both my personal work and larger trends in the industry as a whole. I simply disagree with your theses that a) search engine margins are decreasing and b) that the search engine business needs to grow at a faster rate for Google to continue to grow sustainably due to a) the continued power of direct response search advertising and b) other growth areas like video, brand, mobile, and new markets.