I think you underestimate people's intelligence. More so, if they only want to use Facebook, or don't want to use anything else enough to pay for it, what's the problem?
>A young founder launches a new education app to teach reading/writing to poor villagers. But she first needs to get a 'license' from facebook.
Only if Facebook is the only ISP, which could only happen if government passed a law or regulation that made that so. Or if people are not interested in anything else, in which case they should not be forced to pay for anything else.
>They use other forms of communication to get their daily, unfiltered news.
Are you implying they wouldn't without net neutrality?
>The startup scene in India is growing at its natural pace and the culture has become more innovative
Not, it isn't. It would be more innovative if it was forced to compete with Facebook.
In Brazil where net neutrality is sort of in place the only thing that happened was people being deprived of "free WhatsApp + Facebook" mobile data plans (which didn't forbid them from acquiring a more expensive plan to access other things as you suggest it would!). Now you just have to pay expensive prices even if you just want to chat with your friends.