Search for "on stake and consensus" I'd link to it, but I'm on mobile right now. Btw- I know you're new to blockchains because poelstra has been writing seminalpapers for years and you haven't even heard of him.
We know things are true in a blockchain because energy went into it. If only a single Bitcoin node were alive, and 99% of the network disagree with him - the energy would point to the truth. This is what makes it objective. With subjective chains there are a huge suite of problems in the form of stake grinding and long/short range attacks. Why does this matter? Non-objective quorum based sysetms have been around for decades. They're not more efficient than centralized systems for many economic reasons, some of which were really well laid out in a Isabella kaminska paper on the subject (let me know if you need a link)
Tldr: blockchains aren't paxos or raft. Blockchains mostly suck, but do one thing well: resist censorship