For most people, yes, you can learn math. In particular, you can learn the bits of math that are relevant, interesting, and useful. But for some parts of it, it won't be easy.
Some parts you'll find obvious once it's explained to you in a way that suits how you think. Other parts will seem mysterious and completely opaque.
Get used to it - that's how it is. But don't give up!
So, what kind of math do you already know? If I say that 3+5x=13, would you be able to work out what x is?
If I asked for the slope of the graph of x^3-3x+5 at x=2, would you know how to do that?
These are things that are in everyone's grasp, and if you don't know them yet, it's just because you haven't done it yet. If you're in Front End development you can certainly learn to do these sorts of things (although they may not be exactly relevant to you just now).
So, what sort of stuff do you already know, and have you yet checked out the Khan Academy link?
Seriously, start here:
https://www.khanacademy.org/math
If you get stuck there are on-line resources and people who will help. If you don't make time for it or put in the effort, nothing and no one can help.
Everyone starts from the beginning, some later than others. Take your chance now, it's never to late to start, but starting sooner gives you the best chances.
So, with respect, while it's true that the OP will need to learn how to write more clearly, I think you are wrong.
Again, I suspect OP is a bright guy (especially since he's trying to learn on his own!), but the way he writes does him a huge disservice.
There are many places on the internet where that type participation is the most intellectually interesting activity that occurs. Hacker News is what it is because it isn't one of them.
So he knows a lot of math then!
Linear Algebra is the language of almost all machine learning, simple geometry and trigonometry are useful in graphics and other aspects of design.
Math, as I said elsewhere, is huge, and there is no single thing that will, by itself, help you to be a good programmer.
If you really have absolutely no math at all then you need to start with some basics, and Khan Academy is a good resource to explore first.
Discrete math is the branch that is most likely to make you a better programmer. Not Kahn academy, etc.
But I'll say if you can do derivatives, you know some math, up to that, you know of math.