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Didn't know that! Do they switch between transmitting and receiving constantly to keep up a 2-way data stream?

I've only worked with GSM, not anything newer, but the phone is assigned a timeslot in a repeating frame, and the uplink and downlink timeslots are offset so that the phone doesn't have to transmit and receive at the same time. As I understand it, that makes the antenna and amplifier design much simpler.

Although now that I've said that, I don't recall what happens when it's using multiple channels for packet data.

True for 2G, but for 3G and 4G most deployments are using full duplex (FDD) where reception and transmissions can happen concurrently and use different frequencies.

The only exception for 3G is China with its TD-SCDMA standard. Everywhere else, 3G is FDD.

For 4G, there is a TDD variant. It's mostly used in China and on some specific high bands (2.3/2.5 GHz around Wifi, 3.5 GHz). But in western countries when one use 4G it's FDD.

I'm not danellis and I'm not skilled in signals processing, but assuming LTE is multiplexed with TDD, yes. The radio is switched throughout time between receiving and transmission. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplex_%28telecommunications%2... for how TDD works.

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