Writing tooling for C++ is difficult because of how entangled all the language's features are (and its wonky grammar certainly doesn't help). In addition C++'s type system is probably even weaker than Go's, having inherited a lot of slop from C.

That said, if you're talking about source code formatters, I'm pretty sure that clang-format predates gofmt (and surely clang-format was not the first automatic source code formatter for C++). The coup for Go was that they got the community at large to standardize upon and champion gofmt, which is not something that C++ has ever matched.