I was doing some research for a small demo. As a proof of concept, implementing a small ConvNet using WebGL shaders. But in the course of my search I stumbled on this very broad and interesting patent granted to Microsoft Corp.
Processing machine learning techniques using a graphics processing unit
http://www.google.com/patents/US7548892
Pretty amazing when you consider they wrote the application a decade ago! There is no arguing we are experiencing a golden age and an embarrassment of riches provided by ML toolkits and GPU cloud capabilities. But further inspection of patents in the space brought up this gem, in which Emotient is attempting to patent the crowdsourcing of training data...
Collection of machine learning training data for expression recognition