For emacs, there's the electric-indentation-mode and the fantastic aggressive-indent-mode.
http://emacsrocks.com/e14.html
I would deeply love to see this kind of inference engine ported to emacs as an alternative to Paredit's chords
This makes it even better:
(defun my/lisp-dedent-adjust-parens ()
(interactive)
(save-excursion
(x4-smarter-beginning-of-line)
(call-interactively 'lisp-dedent-adjust-parens)))
(defun my/lisp-indent-adjust-parens ()
(interactive)
(save-excursion
(x4-smarter-beginning-of-line)
(call-interactively 'lisp-indent-adjust-parens)))
(local-set-key (kbd "<M-left>") 'my/lisp-dedent-adjust-parens)
(local-set-key (kbd "<M-right>") 'my/lisp-indent-adjust-parens)
Now you can just M-left and M-right to adjust the indentation of any line, regardless of where the point is, and adjust-parens fixes the parens for you.