Balsillie fears TPP will cost Canada billions
theglobeandmail.com
theglobeandmail.com
Here is her tweet about it: https://twitter.com/CanadaTrade/status/662397645722361856
It would be nice if there was a website breaking down what exactly is bad about the TPP, complete with links back to the draft text and if people just replied back with that. I think something like genius.com would be useful for this purpose, but I don't have the knowledge to highlight what is bad.
Edit: Well, I'm getting started putting stuff up on Genius.com: http://genius.com/albums/Transpacific-partnership-tpp-negoti... .
Here is where the PDFs are: http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Treaties-and-International-Law/01-Tr...
Another edit: I am just dumping the text for now. Not sure if I will get to formatting it nicely.
http://genius.com/Transpacific-partnership-tpp-negotiating-p...
http://genius.com/Transpacific-partnership-tpp-negotiating-p...
http://genius.com/Transpacific-partnership-tpp-negotiating-p...
Edit: Initially, I had the chapters categorized as X (other), but I started changing them to Law. genius.com doesn't seem to let me change it after the fact.
Update 11:37 AM EST: It seems like I have hit a limit as to how many "songs" (chapters) an album ("document") can have. Any new ones I make do not appear in the album. I am going to have to stop for now since it will be hard to keep track. These are the two I made before I noticed:
http://genius.com/Transpacific-partnership-tpp-negotiating-p...
http://genius.com/Transpacific-partnership-tpp-negotiating-p...
Update 12:38 PM EST: No word yet on the issue with genius.com . I did find the contact information for Minister Freeland [1], and search page for Canadian Members of Parliament (you can search by postal code) [2].
[1] http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parliamentarians/en/members/Chrystia-F...
[2] http://www.parl.gc.ca/Parliamentarians/en/Constituencies/Fin...
Thanks, to genius.com for providing the platform for this endeavour (I hope you get in touch with me!).
Why?
> He fears it would give American firms an edge and cost Canadian companies more money because they would have to pay for someone else’s ideas instead their own.
What?
> On top of that, Balsillie believes the structure could prevent Canadian firms from growing as it would also limit how much money they can make from their own products and services.
Again why?
I don't think this article ever specifically explains why TPP is bad for Canada.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0LOwmwgkdA
I researched some of the issues they mention, and so far the film makes some excellent points.
It's not even good propaganda, let alone an informative case against trade agreements.
Slightly different, as one covers the Pacific, the other the Atlantic.
But those agreements all have a common agenda -- don't think about geography, but about the common agenda behind it. We are living in the era of globalization and one of the reasons for such treaties is, that the geographical differences should vanish.
Of course it is not about the same agreement -- but this video sheds a light about all those agreements.
Does any TPP article do more than fearmongering? Its clear there are people who are against low barriers to trade by principle. They believe in strict isolationist protectionism as being economically superior. Historically they've been wrong, but they have an activist voice on the web. Stuff like this should give people pause on how things get popular on the web and who is selling you what message.
From a larger perspective, I feel that TV and print media had guys like Neil Postman and Marshall McLuhan, but the web doesn't really have anyone giving a critical message about how untrustworthy and unreliable communication like this is.
http://www.michaelgeist.ca/2015/11/official-release-of-tpp-t...
Yes. Mises is made of people who are against low trade barriers on principles. /s
https://mises.org/library/we-need-actual-free-trade-not-tpp
> We Need Actual Free Trade, Not the TPP
> Nyhan is apparently deeply confused, however, since he equates the Trans Pacific Partnership with “trade liberalization.” In fact, the TPP is not about any type of liberalization, but is about centralizing political power.
http://www.zdnet.com/article/nz-it-industry-mobilises-to-fig...
> "We're an export-driven sector, so we love free trade", Taylor said. "However this can't come at the cost of the future of the technology industry, and that's what it will be if New Zealand's current law banning software patents is traded away in the TPP."
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/22/opinion/paul-krugman-trade...
> In any case, the Pacific trade deal isn’t really about trade. Some already low tariffs would come down, but the main thrust of the proposed deal involves strengthening intellectual property rights — things like drug patents and movie copyrights — and changing the way companies and countries settle disputes. And it’s by no means clear that either of those changes is good for America.
http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/05/19/the-mis-selling-...
> William Daley’s pro-TPP op-ed in today’s Times is just awful, on multiple levels. No acknowledgment that the real arguments are not about trade but about intellectual property and dispute settlement; on top of that a crude mercantilist claim that trade liberalization is good because it means more exports; some Dean Baker bait with numbers — $31 billion in trade surplus! All of 0.2 percent of GDP!
http://www.vox.com/2015/10/5/9454511/tpp-cost-medicine
> So in the United States, there are really protective rules around this: Any maker of a biologic gets 12 years of data exclusivity. The FDA can't approve a similar drug that relies on the original data during this time. ... By contrast, in other countries, there are looser rules — or no rules — around such data exclusivity. Japan offers eight years, for instance. Brunei offers zero.
> At the moment, it's up to countries to decide whether things like a small change in a drug molecule should warrant a patent extension. But the final TPP creates patent-related obligations in countries that never had them before, explained Rius Sanjuan. To put it simply, this would directly target a country's ability to define its own patent law and put a higher standard on when generics can become available.
"Historically they've been wrong" REALLY? your claim for that is what? The only reason we have income taxes, is because of the first world war. It was sold to people as a temporary measure to pay for the war. Before that, government was paid for with import duties. You think people are better off giving up half their income and in some places, more than that? That's just income tax. Add all the other taxes up and it's getting to be a 100%. Those taxes will be going up further as a result of this 'free' trade. The lost duties have to be made up somehow and it's not like anyone is straining to balance a budget.
"but they have an activist voice on the web."
Accusing someone of doing what you've done, is one of the oldest tricks there is. You see shithead politicians do that everyday. YOU, what you preeching is the commie I'm sorry, 'activist' nonsense. YOU WANT to be impoverished. Because that's what it's the globalization of, poverty.
With the collapse in commodities, Canada is considered a third world economy by most investment banks now.
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-02/money-floo...
The first is a free-trade deal among the signatories. That part could be signed today. Tariff rates would come down to zero; quotas would drop; trade would expand; and protectionism would be held at bay. The second is a set of regulatory standards for trade. Most of these are useful, requiring that regulations that limit trade should be based on evidence, not on political whims or hidden protectionism.
The third is a set of regulations governing investor rights, intellectual property, and regulations in key service sectors, including financial services, telecommunications, e-commerce, and pharmaceuticals. These chapters are a mix of the good, the bad, and the ugly. Their common denominator is that they enshrine the power of corporate capital above all other parts of society, including labor and even governments.
The fourth is a set of standards on labor and environment that purport to advance the cause of social fairness and environmental sustainability. But the agreements are thin, unenforceable, and generally unimaginative. For example, climate change is not even mentioned, much less addressed boldly and creatively.
… The up-or-down vote therefore raises two questions. First, are the bad parts indeed bad enough to vote down the package, thereby jeopardizing the undoubted good of other chapters? Second, do we truly face an all-or-nothing proposition, or rather could we agree with our negotiating counterparts on certain chapters while reconsidering others? … Congress should vote “no’’ on the current TPP, while simultaneously endorsing its trade provisions as well as continuing the work with our counterparts on the other chapters. Globalization is indeed so important for our common good that it’s of overriding significance to get it right."
Consider a wealthy post-industrial nation A trading with a poor industrial nation B. Raw materials and simple goods flow from B to A, so tariffs will be the primary concern. Capital, complex goods, services, and IP flow from A to B, so investment, IP, and regulatory issues will be of concern in that direction. A tariffs-only deal will not be balanced and therefore not succeed. Likewise a regulations-only deal.
Trade issues are not even balanced between industries. A tariffs-dropping deal will find support from manufacturers, but opposition from materials companies.
So to succeed, a trade deal must balance the various interests of many stakeholders. That means gluing a bunch of stuff together so that to any given person, some parts will look good and some parts will look bad.
The reason Congress created fast track is that different people will see different parts as good and bad. Fast track ensures a simple vote on the balance as a whole. If enough people see more good than bad--overall--it passes.
A trade deal will never look ideal to anyone. The question is whether it's a net gain for most.
> The reason Congress created fast track is that different
> people will see different parts as good and bad.
That's one perspective. Public Citizen has another, http://www.citizen.org/documents/fast-track-chart.pdf"When Richard Nixon was president, he cooked up Fast Track to seize power from Congress. The U.S. Constitution gives Congress exclusive authority to “regulate commerce with foreign nations” (Art. I-8). Fast Track was a mechanism that delegated away to the executive branch Congress’ authority to control the contents of U.S. trade pacts, as well as other important powers.
Fast Track empowered executive branch trade negotiators, advised by more than 600 official trade advisors who mostly represent large corporations, to choose trade partners and negotiate and sign trade pacts, all before Congress voted. Once signed, Fast Track put such deals on a legislative luge run: no matter how many domestic non-trade policies were implicated or threatened by the deal, Fast Tracked agreements hurtled through Congress within a set number of days, with normal democratic checks and balances iced over.
Fast Track ensured that Congress’ role came too late to influence trade pacts’ contents: Congress only got a yes or no vote after a pact was signed and “entered into.” That vote also OK’d hundreds of changes to U.S. non-trade law to conform our policies to “trade” deal terms. Federalism was also flattened by Fast Track via a form of international pre-emption: state officials had to conform local laws to expansive non-trade domestic policy restrictions in Fast Tracked “trade” pacts. State officials did not even get Congress’ cursory role.
… Fast Track should be relegated to a museum of inappropriate technology. Congress, state officials and the public need a new modern procedure for developing U.S. trade policy, one that takes into account the realities of 21st-century globalization agreements."
Note that the Constitution says "[The president] shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur." At the time this was written, the intent was clearly to have the Senate be as intimately involved in the treaty negotiation process as the president. George Washington started his first treaty by basically asking the Senate what the negotiators should be aiming for. Neither the Senate nor Washington was happy with the process, and so Washington (nor any subsequent president) attempted a repeat. (See <http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/congress/treaties_senate...).
The executive branch delegated trade negotiations to former bankers, e.g. the lead TPP negotiator is ex-Citibank, http://www.commondreams.org/news/2015/05/28/us-trade-rep-wal..., "Noting deep ties between the country's top trade negotiator and Wall Street banks, ten groups representing millions of Americans are calling on the White House to make public all communications between U.S. Trade Representative Michael Froman and the massive financial institutions that stand to benefit from proposed trade deals."
For more on lobbyists, see http://www.ip-watch.org/2015/06/05/confidential-ustr-emails-..., ".. Many of the industry representatives are themselves former USTR officials ... Jim DeLisi of Fanwood Chemical said he had just seen the text on rules of origin, and remarked, 'Someone owes USTR a royalty payment. These are our rules … This is a very pleasant surprise.'"
The end result is an expansion of ISDS, which benefits corporate lawyers, https://youtube.com/watch?v=M4-mlGRPmkU
Just saying. I don't know if this is the case.
That would be "sovereign democracy".
It's remarkable what cowards so-called free trade advocates are. If the benefits are so manifest, then they should survive just fine in the free market of ideas, and be voted for.
That never happens. But it doesn't happen because free trade does not work. It doesn't happen because any free trade law is inherently the stage to gain concessions - both sides are poised to benefit, so you barter off your sovereignty and economic position as best you can to maximize your gains, even at catastrophic loss to the participant nations, or even your own people.
Its not pretty to acknowledge that to raise the entirety of humanity to a modern standard of living we need to endure the short term ramifications of equalizing our economies amongst each other. But its a pill worth swallowing for all of us. We just keep trying to take the pill in tiny pieces smeared in the rancid butter of short term exploitation and profit.
Koji Tsuruoka, chief negotiator for Japan, answers to the Minister for Foreign Affairs, who is appointed by the Prime Minister, who is designated by the Diet, which is democratically elected.
For most parties involved (cough Vietnam cough Brunei) negotiators ultimately answer to democratically elected officials, and approval follows the respective constitution of the involved party. If I had not wanted a President who supports free trade agreements, I would have voted for someone other than Obama in 2012.
This may be a "backdoor agreement," but it is not an undemocratic backdoor agreement.
It is clearly undemocratic, because executive branch here usurps the power to create law.
It doesn't really make sense to let any legislature amend a treaty under the current system, where the President and his designated functionaries do the negotiating - then you have Congress modifying a negotiated agreement which would make treaties wildly impractical, especially when multiplied by all the member-legislatures.
It doesn't make sense under an imaginary primary-legislature system either. The US Congress has different rules for amendments and debate than say, the Japanese Diet.
If Congress doesn't like the TPP, it is entirely in their power to refuse to ratify the treaty and send it back to the negotiating table. And it was entirely in their power to not grant the President the Trade Promotion Authority.
Not just amend - they have to be involved in designing it (that would avoid the problem you described). And of course in the public fashion. If they aren't - it's already undemocratic corrupted farce.
You have the same problem, it can't be done. Each legislature has different rules and completely different cultures. What would happen is each legislature would appoint individual legislators to negotiate for them and you'd have exactly the same system you have now, except with the negotiators being members of the legislative branch instead of the executive branch.
Even on the microscale, the US House and the US Senate have the same problem, for which they invented conference committees, which is where the House and the Senate appoint a couple representatives and senators to negotiate for their interests. [1] The results of the committee are sent to both houses for an up-or-down no-amendments vote.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_congressional_co...
That's already better in a case when agreement involves laws. As long as those negotiations are transparent, and legislative branch can weigh in during the process - things can be fixed in timely manner. When they are completely opaque and results are shown post factum - that's where potential for corruption grows.
To put it shortly - evil things like to lurk in the dark.
Why on Earth would it be better to have Jeff Sessions (R-AL) representing US interests during the TPP negotiations rather than a US trade rep? Actually that seems exactly the _opposite_ of a good thing, since any individual Congressman or set of Congressman is going to favor their state(s) over the country as a whole; they are directly accountable to the people in their state who elected them. At least a US trade representative is accountable to an elected official who represents the entire country.
> When they are completely opaque and results are shown post factum - that's where potential for corruption grows.
That's how Congress already works. Staffers and legislators produce the text of a bill and the results are shown after the deed is already done. All that enters the public record is some of the amendment history and the conference report, if there is one. And often amendments change huge portions of a bill, and you again see only the after-the-fact result. It's not a write-commit-write-commit cycle, it's a write-write-write-write-write-commit.
> To put it shortly - evil things like to lurk in the dark.
A lot of effective governance also works in the dark. The reality of life is that completely transparent, open negotiations are very difficult and close to impossible except for small, very tight-knit communities.
And closed ones are prone to corruption. I prefer hard to finalize agreements to those which serve various crooks.
It's not like TPP is even needed to begin with. Trade is already pretty much free. TPP is designed to make it less free in practice.
The US constitution is very clear that the negotiators lack that power. However the question can't come up because the USA is about 16% of the world economy, so you can't get to the 85% of the economy figure without the USA.
But Canadian law is not entirely dissimilar. Specifically Canada may have signed it, but according to http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/lop/researchpublications/2008-..., Canada is not bound by the agreement until it is ratified. And even then it does not have any force in Canadian domestic law until Parliament has passed specific bills to implement it. So Canada shouldn't be bound by this, and the negotiators were in the wrong to promise what they had no authority to promise.
I'm sure that the US and Canada are not the only two countries where the negotiators did not rightly have power to bind their countries to that term. So why is this term considered binding rather than being pointed to as a clear example of overreach??
Of course the negotiators don't, only the ratifying authorities have the power to bind, but that's true of all of the rest of the treaty (and every treaty) as well: note that, in that case, in comes into effect between those who ratified it. So, only for those for whom those with the power to bind the country did so (including agreeing to that condition for it going into effect.)
NOTE: This type of minimum threshold clause is common in agreements (many multilateral treaties have something like it.) The idea being that the prospective parties don't think that the restrictions are worthwhile unless there is a sufficiently-large group joining the arrangement.
OK, TPP doesn't. But that term does.
Notably, a similar protocol was used for the adoption of the US Constitution (see Article VII).
My interpretation of that has been to safeguard against a smaller country or two dropping out:
For example, if NZ bailed at the last minute, the agreement would still hold between the other 11 countries to whatever extent is applicable. However, if some critical mass of countries all drop out, the whole agreement is invalidated.
In this sense, the negotiators didn't bind their countries to anything; they just set some terms regarding what does and does not invalidate the entire agreement.
Going by 2014 IMF numbers, the US was 22%. The World Bank and UN both have similar figures.
He says "I’m not a partisan actor, but I actually think this is the worst thing that the Harper government has done for Canada." The worst?
He says "It’s a treaty that structures everything forever – and we can’t get out of it." Forever?
Later in the article we find out,
"The deal must be ratified by all 12 countries, and then it would come into force six months later. It would require a parliamentary vote in Canada. Alternatively, the treaty can also take effect if it’s ratified by half the countries representing 85 per cent of the zone’s economy. A country can withdraw any time, on six months’ notice."
So not only can we get out, but it's not forever if you can get out. So Balsillie is full of $hit, alarmist, and possibly still butthurt over losing out to a patent troll that RIM never took seriously enough.
> he noted treaties like this one set rules that must be followed forever
But a few lines further down:
> A country can withdraw any time, on six months’ notice.
I'm confused; which is it?
https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2507281-tpp-complete...
If we can prove that these politicians signed these agreements after receiving backhanders, can we declare it null and void?
Part of the problem of any trade deal is that you'll end up pissing off one group at home to make another one more happy. Trade negotiators argue they need to have the deals be negotiated in secret or special interest groups will cause too much noise and trade deals will never get done.
The legislators are forcing this pact specifically because it promotes certain interests of various corporations. The group that will end up getting pissed off is the public at large when their quality of living is reduced. Novartis et al will get their rapacious drug profiteering enforced onto countries that currently aren't under their dominion, and the people who live in those countries will suffer through high prices for medicine because their politicians got a fat kickback.
Special interest groups are driving this entire partnership from start to finish.
It's true of business deals too. Typically the managers will negotiate the deal in private, and then present it their board and/or shareholders to be ratified.
It's just really hard to make significant decisions in a large group of people. Anyone who has been in a huge meeting, or on a big committee, will understand that.
If you try to give up one thing (e.g. free trade) in exchange for another (anti-counterfeiting provisions) and you get jumped on as soon as you suggest the first you never get a chance to broach the second.
Maybe the solution is to have a mandatory waiting period after the full text is released. 90 days before any votes can take place, something like that. Gives people time to go through and actually evaluate the proposal as a whole.
And the ability to rubber stamp a 6,000 page monolithic treaty which has already been agreed to is a complete joke. It's about as democratic as a parent asking a child, "would you like to go to boarding school or boot camp?" The democracy happened during the negotiations and amendments -- at that point the needs of each constituent were considered, included or excluded, compromised. Unfortunately the citizens of these countries or their elected representatives or anyone willing to represent their interests weren't invited to that party.
The negotiation would be harder, sure if it were public but that's because making an agreement that is fair is a lot harder than asking corporate lobbyists to narrate a wishlist and typing it up. All they had to do was reconcile the many, many different wishlists (still very hard), not put forth an agreement that actual citizens would approve of (much harder but what they should actually be doing).
[1] http://www.vox.com/2015/10/26/9619214/budget-deal-congress
This prevents unexpected surprises, allows for a straight forward process, more honest discussion and makes it possible to reach compromises without appearing weak to constituients. It also acts as a filter for bad ideas and makes it easier to figure out, if something has any chance at suceeding without it becoming a public failure.
People keep repeating this line with no evidence. I've been around for a number of international treaties and this is the first one I recall where the #1 issue is how secretive and un-democratic the process is.
Of course there are always backchannel discussions but with the TPP there has be little indication that ANY of the initiatives are actually being driven by the needs of the electorate.
When my elected official couldn't even see a copy for years (even in secret) and then was only able to when it was basically an all-or-nothing done deal about to signed something is very, very wrong.
Do you not understand why they need to be negotiated in public? I guess you don't because you didn't even know they were always negotiated in secret.
[1] https://blog.nader.org/1994/12/26/naftagatt-deals-shrouded-i...
[2] http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/nov/12/how-us-ch...
[3] http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/01/us-iran-nuclear-bu...
Your other two examples are from last year and involve the same president driving TPP.
Why?
According to that, all parliamentary debates should be secret, too. 90% of it are finding a compromise between two parties.
Appearing "weak" is a virtue, not a weakness.
It's rare for parliaments to have actual passionate debates. That usually only happens on controversial and dividing issues, where it's worth it to make a stand to appeal to voters or where public support might help.
Most of the time these debates are just a formality to pass through a compromise everyone already has agreed to pass through beforehand. Accordingly you'll see that parliamentary debates and even votes are attented often only by a small number of representatives, not because they're not doing they're job it's because they've already done theirs at that point and have better things to do.
Yeah, like fundraising!
Not as unreasonable as it sounds. The parliamentary system was devised when hardly anyone could read, and they certainly couldn't see debates on the TV.
By the time something has reached the debate level, which is just theater for the most part, the big decisions have been made. No one is changing their minds or votes at that point, unless something previously unknown and exceptional is revealed, which is rare.
The whole process starts with a committee being started, they writing and working on several compromises, and then giving parliament the ability to vote on these.
But the work of the committees – except for the TTIP committee – is also public.
A way to satisfy both sides might be to allow the discussions in private but have them recorded by independent parties who are in turn watched by public watchdogs. Then on conclusion of negotiations and before a law is ratified the entire debate could be made available.
You could have your private negotiations and laws could only be ratified when private compromises that negatively effect the demos hadn't been made.
This trade deal will change the lives of millions, if not a few billion people. There is no room for governments to claim the need for secrecy when their true intention is to mask the transfer of wealth from the public to a few megacorps.
Land of the Free ...
How about instead saying: we believe in open democracy and so despite it slightly weakening our position we'll require negotiations to be open and require those ratifying the treaty to first have a free vote in their parliamentary houses [wherein one option will be to ratify following a referendum].
Now that would be spreading democracy.
A cynic might think that this was the first best option to secure the world against change following the 1%-protests to ensure rich capitalists maintain their position of power because "oh we can't tax this damaging activity because it makes these people poorer and they made us sign a treaty".
If you asked the people what they want on every bill no country could function. Every tax would get rejected, and every spending bill approved.
Similarly for asking each congressperson about each individual clause in the TPP.
Cynically, one might argue that it is, in practice, a (plutocratic) republic and not a democracy, I suppose.
Keeping the negotiation process secret allows it to be analyzed as a package.
It wasn't secret to the entities benefiting from it, only to the entities being hurt by it.
I hope we can slow this train down enough so that people can understand what is on the table here. At almost 6 thousand pages there are also a lot of devils in the details.
Why not give notice now? Who exactly has this power? This is incredibly vague.
My favorite example: Apoorva Mehta invented Instacart in Waterloo, Canada because it was too cold to go grocery shopping and too expensive to own a car. Then he immediately went to San Francisco (a city with warm weather and cheap cars?!) to start his unicorn.
Waterloo students still go shopping in the snow. #fail.
I don't know how you can dismiss an entire country because of one person's move.
You can't, at least not without appearing foolish.You can certainly discuss trends in education and work crossing that border, but they aren't simple or one sided.
Unless, of course, your business revolved around digging things up from the ground and selling them to the US. Thankfully (hopefully?) that era is coming to an end too.
Honestly, from being in the industry in Toronto for 5 years now, the "top talent" that leaves is anything but. Just title-chasers waving expensive degrees. My director just left for SF to build "spotify, but for food. It'll totally be great man." Yeah, great talent there!
I don't really see size of the country as en excuse in this case. We have the same or better ability to pull talent from overseas, and free trade visas with the US work both ways. SF produces a ton of shit, but they also end up with actually impressive tech companies. Canada has really no answer to that.
> Honestly, from being in the industry in Toronto for 5 years now, the "top talent" that leaves is anything but. Just title-chasers waving expensive degrees.
um okay. Apparently going to work on interesting stuff for a big tech company for 50% more money (more now, the dollar is tanking again) makes me a title chaser.
A local company raised 25.000 dollars here in Uruguay, got accepted into 500 Startups and got over a million dollars in funding (which is basically impossible here), they have a very cool idea and innovative tech but had little traction at the time.
[1]: Patent buy in 2011: "Apple, RIM and their bidding partners control over more than 6,000 patents and applications that cover wireless and Internet technologies" which cost $4.5 Billion. www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-07-01/nortel-sells-patent-portfolio-for-4-5-billion-to-group
http://business.financialpost.com/fp-tech-desk/rim-co-founde...