How a Battery Cut Microsoft Datacenter Costs by a Quarter
theplatform.net
theplatform.net
This is a huge point of efficiency that's been missed for a very long time, mostly because it's right along the border between the datacenter provider and the server customer. The datacenter traditionally agrees to provide filtered 120/240v AC.
Converting the power loses efficiency. And we convert the power 4 times. They may be regaining about a 6.25% loss from each conversion, my math is probably incorrect.
Of course, all parties could agree to change the standard, and provide clean, filtered 12V DC to servers, and redesign PSUs to accept this input instead. But then they wouldn't be wall-pluggable anymore.
Though cheap high temp superconductors would be AWESOME. Can't wait :)
48V is better than 12 because the wiring gauge is smaller and line loss is more efficient.
I'm trying to find out why negative is used, but the answers seem to vary a lot...
So this is not exactly a new discovery.
Until the industry started getting making new DC-DC power supplies with batteries.
http://www-03.ibm.com/procurement/proweb.nsf/objectdocswebvi...
> And Google said way back in April 2009, in a rare look at its internal datacenters, that it had not only been using containerized datacenters to boost efficiency since 2005, but had put 12 volt battery packs on its servers so they could ride out failures on local, rather than centralized, stored power. That was a decade ago, just to show you how far ahead Google can sometimes be compared to its rivals.
Apparently Microsoft did do some significant innovation compared to Google's 2009 design at least:
"The innovation that Microsoft did on this idea was to hack into the switched mode power supply used in its Open Cloud Server machines and put the battery right into the existing circuits. So the battery is not hanging off to one side, as they did in the Google servers from 2009, but is embedded in the power supply without any extra circuit costs. And importantly, the batteries are not in the power path between the electrical source and the server motherboards and components. Rather, they extend the life of the bulk capacitors in the power supply in the event of a power failure in the main feeds."
Here's an image of a "google server" from 2009: http://www.altenergystocks.com/archives/2009/04/leadacid_bat... The innovation that google made was to first run the mainboards with +12V only, generating all other rails on the mainboard from this supply (that's why only yellow wires are going from the PSU to the mainboard, as can be seen on the back end). The 12V lead acid battery in the front is connected with the black and red wire to the power-supply (you can see the red and black wire also, on the far end of the picture). So the charger was already integrated into the PSU circuit back then, I'd say.
From a topological standpoint, I'd claim that this is pretty much the same thing as the microsoft-datacenter approach -- with the exception of running the powersupply with AC (except DC, as the current article seems to imply). Of course battery technology has improved in the meantime, and using LiIon would be just the smart thing to do now.
It scares the crap out of data center providers because they know they can't really innovate like this effectively. I tried to get Equinex to consider building Open Compute racks in a different style of co-location setup but never got anywhere with them.
I am fortunate that I spent a few years in the platforms group and got a good look at how Google did what they did, and with that perspective have watched ideas in data center design emerge and flow. As the article points out Google does publish interesting bits of data, which lead to certain conclusions. And many of the same things that drove Google to do what it did, become the more likely answer when you own the entire data center (or better yet build it from scratch). I sat through a presentation of the big Ebay data center project in Utah and noted how they were coming up with the same answers to some of the same problems.
Because of that I doubt any one person is largely responsible there. There seems to have been a lot of cross pollination.
slides http://www.opencompute.org/assets/OCP-Summit-V-Slides/Mainst...
specs http://www.opencompute.org/wiki/Server/SpecsAndDesigns#Speci...
The LES shall provide sufficient ride through capacity to maintain proper PSU output for 35 seconds (+/- 500ms) minimum plus walk-in period of no less than 10 seconds (+/- 500ms). The power supply shall meet the reliability and operating life with drop outs at a maximum power of 1600W for 5 seconds then reducing to 1425W for the remainder of the drop out. The power supply shall be capable of operating at greater than 1425W to 1600W continuous drop out but reliability and operating life of the battery are not guaranteed.
2.) Probably? The cost bumps in 1 don't make much sense otherwise.
3.) Hard to tell, in a home system there isn't such a huge cost savings to be had with a battery. As for usefulness it's a really short term battery but it'd be good enough to let the system power-down/suspend gracefully instead of losing power immediately. That niche is pretty well served by UPSs for people who care though and everyone else doesn't care already. It might find a small niche for consumers but it won't be ubiquitous.
[0] http://www.theplatform.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/open-c...
But hypothetically, APC could make an ATX UPS today that would be compatible with most ATX motherboards and leverage most of their existing software and drivers to do so.