These slavery books are still pretty common in parts of Europe too.
The British government knew where I worked, through the tax system. They knew, more-or-less, where I lived, by my registration to vote (compulsory, though not well enforced as far as I know). Is that what you don't like?
Basically, it is a resume in regulated form. Nothing more or less. Certainly not slavery book.
Regardless, US culture says that this sort of thing gives the employer far too much power over the employee, and that there are plenty of unscrupulous employers who use that leverage against the employees to make them do what they want, far beyond what the US considers appropriate.
EEU culture typically says the world is far worse without these books and that there couldn't possibly be any downsides that outweigh the costs, or that there are bandaids which could theoretically fix any problems with it.
Neither side will likely ever convince the other side on this topic, so no point in arguing about it :)