You MUST put the parked cars between moving traffic and bikes. If you do not bikers are going to get hit and doored and will obstruct turn lanes.
Pretty much everywhere in Europe gets this right. Traffic -> parking -> bikes -> peds. How did the US get everything completely backward?
The mid-step approach for North American cities is an extra-wide bike-lane clear of the door zone with dotted zones that require drivers to shift into the bike-lane if they want to turn right.
Basically, the bike lane is effectively a "bike lane and right-only-turn-lane". It's less protected than the parking-protected bike lane, but it avoids the right-hook problem.
This way drivers will always see the cyclist when they wish to go right.
In urban areas with established cycling communities where you have enough density that cyclists are expected? There you do the parking-protected lane. In that kind of environment, cyclists are common-enough that drivers expect them and know to look for them.
My city (Hamilton, Ontario) uses both, and I get a lot more right/left hooks from cars on the protected lane than I do on the right-turn-plus-cyclist lane. The protected lane is a great endgame and we need to get there, but step one is "take the whole right lane and make it cycling/right-turn-only". It takes a lot of space but it's a great way to begin.
The problem is the popular approach is completely half-assed: the glorified shoulder in the door-zone, with no information for drivers about pulling over into the lane to turn. That leaves both the right-hook open and the door-prize.
When cars dominate, give bikes their own bike path.
The bike/turnlane makes turning into a two-step operation - first check for bikes, then second check if your turn is safe. That elevates the normal consideration bikes would get in a turn, which is none at all from most drivers.
It works in Copenhagen, since drivers just wait until the bikes have stopped streaming past — sometimes, only one car turns right through a change of the lights. I don't see that working in the US.
Give the bikes their own traffic light phase, at the same time as parallel pedestrians.
Add to that that bike paths in Copenhagen have a totally different, much smoother asphalt. Since it is only used for bikes it lasts a long time. Cars can't drive on it because it is too slick and wouldn't stand up to the use. But it makes biking a lot easier than on rough asphalt covered in repairs, cracks ans potholes.
Studies show that cyclists and motorists break the law at about the same rate: http://www.phillymag.com/news/2015/08/06/bikers-drivers-brea...
What's usually happening is that we're so used to motorists breaking the law that it doesn't even register. Tons of drivers, likely the majority, on my bike route to work go over the speed limit. When a light goes from green to yellow to red, do drivers correctly stop entering the intersection before it goes red? Nah, most of the time one or two more sneak in.
But I doubt other drivers even notice these things (heck, a lot of the time I don't even notice it): that law-breaking behavior is normalized. People pick up on it more with bikes, because there aren't nearly as many bikes around, so it's more noticeable.
I get the thing about sidewalks, and whenever I ride on sidewalks (which is when the road is wildly unsafe), I make sure to slow down, and I get off my bike if there are a bunch of pedestrians. The thing is, if we did invest in protected bike lanes, cyclists wouldn't ride on the sidewalk, because they wouldn't have to to feel safe.
Bikes and cars share the road, yet a great many cyclists act like they have priority. E.g when stopping at the red light, all cars waiting to do a right turn should have the right wheels close the the curb, and cyclists should queue up behind the car. They however almost always try to get past you, even jump off their bike and walk on the sidewalk if they have to and some give you the finger in the process - how dare you be in the way of how they think it should be?
No matter how much motorists break the law, they're not putting themselves in nearly the same danger. Not even close.
But motorists are absolutely putting other people in more danger...
https://www.google.com.au/maps/place/Wynyard/@-33.8687896,15...
1. Bike lanes, which are part of the road; and 2. Bike paths, which are often adjacent to the pedestrian sidewalk (and are often not structurally separated)
There’s movement in Europe toward the former, though I think historically the latter has been the case. It has its own problems—especially when not structurally separated—because in the city, bikes are much closer in speed to cars than pedestrians.
Also, people occasionally get out from the other side of the car too.
The solution is merely to put the bikes far enough from parked cars, not a specific side per se.
Unless you also limit the length of the street that can be used for parking to keep it farther back from the corners, this would seem to substantially reduce the visibility of bikers to drivers (and vice versa), increasing the number of bike vs. moving car collisions.
This seems intuitively likely to outweigh any benefit from reducing the number of bike vs. car door collisions.
The bike path is still new, though, so hopefully people learn to slow down and check their mirrors.
In Berlin it's mostly: cars | bikes | parking | pedestrians (raised sidewalk).
In Warsaw (for example) it's: cars | parking | bikes (part of the sidewalk) | pedestrians (raised sidewalk).
They're really haphazard and frequently blocked (Amsterdam is probably the ideal, IMO), but cars are parked between them and the road.
Probably it depends on the district. Most of my commute the paths are a part of the car lane.
It's hard to say how much of the cycle lanes are parking separated. I feel like it's quite a bit but then I also look at streets like the marathonweg or stadionweg (check google maps street view) which have been peds | parking | bikes -dottedlines- cars, since forever and still are to this day, despite there being room to switch the middle two around.
But it's quite clear that wherever possible, this is what streets are being modified to all the time, construction just finished infront of my dad's house to modify the street for improved safety for example. I wouldn't be surprised if say the marathonweg and stadionweg would look more like the apollolaan before 2020. In the case of the stadionweg it's a little tricky as it's often used to drive through, past the olympic stadium onto the highway, it's pretty damn packed during rushhour so construction isn't a bit tricky to plan.
For bikes, the result is that I got right-hooked into daily, got my bike crushed weekly (I used rentals), and ended up twice in the hospital. Unless you physically crush every car that tries to turn right, they will* T-bone every bike there is. This is, without exaggeration a way to kill a significant portion of your riders. Once again, the alternative is making turning right physically impossible to cars.
Admittedly I haven't seen a lot of progress in the last year, but they converted a few of the streets up by PSU rather quickly, so maybe it's not a huge obstacle to overcome?