I also stuck my nose down this rabbits hole about a year ago, while writing a blog post about TextMate color themes [1] (TL;DR: Some older TextMate color themes were made on the Mac when it was using Generic RGB and a gamma value of 1.8, and converting those themes directly to other editors can result in slightly off colors, because they likely assume RGB values to be sRGB with a gamma close to 2.2).
It is fascinating to learn about, but it feels a bit like you could always go deeper. I stopped when I got to the different methods for gamut mapping.