I've seen so much criticism of OOP, can somebody provide more details/valuable links why "OOP is bad"? Honest question.
Essentially, OO forces you to think of everything as an object. That pattern is valuable at times, but the way you think about something and the patterns you're familiar with intrinsically shape your approach and how you can solve it which can be a bad thing.
OO is not bad; it's merely bad to only use OO, to teach it as the only methodology in schools, to use it to the exclusion of all else. Like most things, OO is just one of many options and is not always the best one.
> the Functional Kingdoms must look with disdain upon each other, and make mutual war when they have nothing better to do.
OO as the idea of late bound, dynamically dispatched objects that receive messages, retain state, maintain access and location transparency and optionally delegate to other objects... that's not really controversial, but also rarely done. Nevertheless, most great research operating systems have been object-oriented, and this is no coincidence.
This is the most controversial part of it. I've got no problems with classes, objects, imperative methods, dynamic dispatch and all that - these are just semantic building blocks, sometimes useful.
What is really damaging is this very notion of representing the real world problems in their infinitely diverse complexity as something so primitive and narrow as communicating objects.
Why are you sledgehammering all these entities into this primitive and narrow way of thinking in the first place?
They are different. And in order for different entities to have some common properties you don't have to think of them as a hierarchical relation of communicating objects.
An object here is just a blob of state that enforces a primal uniformity. Files still look, walk and quack like files, they're just represented under a common construct underneath which is immensely useful for the programmer and irrelevant to the end user.
You can't really speak of the "OO blindfolded way of thinking" when all you do is contradict without any substance.
Other than that, OS research is nearly dead anyway, nothing interesting happens, besides probably Singularity, which is also not very OO - it does not play well alongside with static analysis anyway.
Hahaha.
No.
Compared to Windows, maybe, but in the grand scheme of things it is not. Hence so many research systems like Amoeba, Spring, Sprite, SPIN and even GNU Hurd that tried to create a general overarching metaphor across Unix's not-quite-uniformity.
Plan9 is even more uniform and still not object-oriented.
9P is a transport-agnostic object protocol for representing resources as synthetic file systems. The trick many have with Plan 9 is that they import their prior knowledge of what a "file" is, but in reality Plan 9's concept of a file is quite different from other systems. This is right down to the Plan 9 kernel being a multiplexer for I/O over 9P.
Either way, my point is the "object" metaphor isn't really all that specific. Personally I'd love to see work on functional operating systems, but other than the boring House system, I don't think there's been that many.
I still don't see how Plan9 is built on "objects".
> functional operating systems
I doubt functional metaphors are of any use in this domain.
My point is that the abstraction continuum is far more diverse and deep than something as stupid as communicating objects or reducing lambda terms. My bet is on a linguistic abstraction, which covers interface unification as well as many other things.
It has always been an unfortunate characteristic of using classes for application domain information that it resulted in information being hidden behind class-specific micro-languages, e.g. even the seemingly harmless employee.getName() is a custom interface to data. Putting information in such classes is a problem, much like having every book being written in a different language would be a problem. You can no longer take a generic approach to information processing. This results in an explosion of needless specificity, and a dearth of reuse.
This is why Clojure has always encouraged putting such information in maps, and that advice doesn't change with datatypes. By using defrecord you get generically manipulable information, plus the added benefits of type-driven polymorphism, and the structural efficiencies of fields. OTOH, it makes no sense for a datatype that defines a collection like vector to have a default implementation of map, thus deftype is suitable for defining such programming constructs.
It worked fine while our domain remainded small, but got ghastly quickly.
It adds to this all of the extra oddness that object hierarchies bring, especially the oddness related to trying to force non-hierarchical concepts into a hierarchy. Mediate on whether an ellipse is a special case of a circle or vice-versa until you reach enlightenment, which is realizing that the question is stupid and that any situation which forces you to answer it is stupid.
It was like a lightning had struck when I realized that if you did OOP in a certain way you could make guarantees that some mistakes would be impossible to make, and that whatever I had been doing for the past several years was not even remotely OOP, even though everything was in a class.
The reason I'm interested in learning functional programming is because it seems like it too holds the promise of eliminating errors entirely, if done well, perhaps not in a mutually exclusive way.
If all the developers on your team are sane, then OOP is just a bunch of unnecessarily verbose conceptual complexity.
(The unfortunate corollary, of course, is that the code from the lunatic in the next cubicle is just as likely to be your own code from six months ago)
http://pyvideo.org/video/880/stop-writing-classes
It's about python but applicable to most languages.
Sorry, but this is an extremely audacious claim to make without backing it up.
I also think "FP is about small scale" is quite wrong, looking at empirical evidence.
I'd always prefer the SML module system to anything OOP for a project of any scale.
There's a problem. I don't know any project which was implemented with SML on scale (I mean at least several MLOC).
Could you give examples of features that you would like to have in modern OO languages which are available in Ada?
The fact that most of the statically typed OO languages also provide these features does not mean that OO is suitable for scalability - this is totally orthogonal to OOP.
This is a fallacy similar to attributing pattern matching and ADTs to the functional programming, while these features are not inherently functional in any way.
Try to build a large system in a dynamically typed OO language to see why OO per se is of no use for a large scale architecture at all.