Nice architecture, but man, those things must've been a public health nightmare. Anything that got tracked in on anyone's feet when the water was low would have eventually have wound up in the water supply when the level increased.
Ground water is not portable and drinkable because of this. India has suffered numerous episodes of widespread fluorosis. Removal of fluoride to normal levels is one of the major expenditures of water works.
However, they predate germ theory by centuries. And as the article notes, the British did consider them "a public health nightmare".
The Indian form of greeting of Namaste as opposed to Hand shake is one such practice...