It would be a cool thing to try still, and maybe doable with COTS hw: https://www-ssl.intel.com/content/www/us/en/embedded/technol... + http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc21/...
Fine-Grained Parallel Compacting Garbage Collection through Hardware-Supported Synchronization (2010) http://www.ikr.uni-stuttgart.de/Content/Publications/Archive...
Stall-free, real-time collector for FPGA's (2012) http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/files/us-bacon/B...
The question is, "Can modern CPU's and off-chip FPGA's keep in sync without performance getting dragged down?" The FPGA's have gotten faster. The CPU's I/O have gotten faster. So, I'm sure it can be done but it might be difficult enough to be someone's Master thesis. ;)
Besides, I call for replacing current chips with open ones easy to modify for acceleration and security. Gaisler LEON4 SPARC, Rocket RISC-V, Cambrige's BERI/CHERI MIPS64... these all come to mind. Plan was to put them onto a high-end FPGA w/ concurrent GC's to test the scheme. Once it worked, ASIC conversion time baby. S-ASIC's are $200-500k on average with resulting production & packaging being way cheaper after that. Just hoping there's a few companies that would split the cost to eliminate most memory and control flow issues forever. ;)
http://diyhpl.us/~bryan/papers2/paperbot/Design%20of%20a%20L...
(See section 7 for a radical... err realy old... way to do concurrent GC. Full paper available at ACM/IEEE or if you Google LISP processors Guy Steele enough.)
Scheme machine by Burger 1995
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=569...
(See the main graphic and specifics in storage section later. Once again, GC-like stuff is handled in memory management part of the processor. This processor knows that, though, to assist GC a bit. Also different in that it was specified and then synthesized to heterogenous hardware with DDD "correct-by-construction" toolkit.)
So, have fun with those. Plus, Google hardware-assisted or hardware garbage collection to get lots of interesting results already done.