It's a fairly common scenario. We're doing this with nginxbut docker'll be a good solution soon enough. The terms to search for are "reverse proxy".

Essentially you setup nginx to listen on port 80, Apache to listen on another port (say, 8080) and node to listen on a different port (say, 8081). Then have your nginx config differentiate between the two:

    upstream apache {
        server 127.0.0.1:8080;
    }   
    
    upstream nodeapp {
        server 127.0.0.1:8081;
    }   
    
    server {
        listen 80; 
        
        server_name myphpapp.example.com;
        
        location / { 
            proxy_pass http://apache;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
        }   
    }   
    
    server {
        listen 80; 
        
        server_name mynodeapp.example.com;
        
        location / { 
            proxy_pass http://nodeapp;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
        }   
    }   

IMO this gets a little easier to think about if you substitute your Apache -(mod_php)-> PHP setup for Nginx -(fastcgi)-> php-fpm - handing off to an appserver rather than a webserver.

Vagrant is best for setting up development environments, that way you can have as close to a production style environment as possible. Along with this you can set private IP's for each project, so 192.168.10.2 can be your LAMP stack project, and 192.168.10.3 can be your Node project.