He calls it the "Robin Hood Tax". Essentially you charge a small fee whenever any trade happens in the market.
The opponents of this idea state that it will prevent the market from being efficient as trading would slow down - undermining the Efficient Market Hypothesis.
However his argument is that a small enough charge will not prevent genuine investor from trading and just discourage the speculative traders.
HFT is just evil. Direction less buy\selling based on the trend that is currently prevalent in the market.
For what it's worth, I support the idea of a "fractional penny tax" on trades as a marketable solution to let the "free market" fix HFT. I've mostly seen it advocated by David Brin, but Congress could easily levy a tax on trading that would be some fraction of a penny (say a tenth or a hundredth of a penny). For a human scale trader that tax is a rounding error (essentially in our favor) at best and a loose change issue at worst (pull a couple pennies from your couch cushion). For HFT it's a legitimate concern and something that HFT would have to take into account. It probably wouldn't stop HFT (but that becomes a market decision if the extra "friction" from the tax is worth the "benefits" of the HFT in a cost/benefit analysis), but it might slow it down a bit, and the taxes raised by it could hopefully be put into mitigation efforts against the worst effects of HFT.