First proof that infinitely many prime numbers come in pairs (2013)
nature.com
nature.com
On a related topic, I sometimes wonder why people seek out new entertainment (movies, tv shows), when it's unlikely to be better than everything already made in the past. Why would you prefer watching a new movie over an old one? The obvious answers (better CGI, closer similarity to current culture, social reasons aka "what other people are watching") don't seem to fully explain it. There seems to be some "new thingy pull" that affects many people (even myself at times), yet I can't explain it.
As for your second point, I think you mentioned a lot of the main reasons. But I disagree that new media is unlikely to be better than everything made in the past. In fact, I would say that it's very likely that a new movie or TV show will be far better than something made in the past, simply because they have much bigger budgets now, better technology, and even a better understanding of filmmaking and storytelling. Especially with recent TV shows such as Breaking Bad, Game of Thrones, True Detective. The bar has been raised very high.
There's also the availability of extensive ratings for past media, which means you can pick and choose the good ones, something harder to do when picking stuff still in theaters.
As a counterpoint, I do enjoy sequels of things I've previously enjoyed (and understand the sequel effect), but that doesn't seem big enough to account for the general phenomenon either.
Terence Tao delivered a very good lecture on this result here [0]
I agree that there is a difference between "twin primes" and "pairs of primes".